Control theory, process concepts, and general industrial-automation terms. This page (3 of 6) covers GC Oven Temp Programming to NFPA 30 (flammable liquids).
Control theory, process concepts, and general industrial-automation terms.
Ramping the GC oven during a run to sharpen peaks and shorten cycles; oven stability sets retention-time repeatability.
Read → GlossaryThe self-supporting aluminum dome that covers a tank and pairs with an internal floating roof.
Read → GlossaryThe two coverage philosophies in F&G mapping: watching a volume vs catching credible leak scenarios.
Read → GlossaryThe standard for sending camera images and control over standard Gigabit Ethernet with long reach and PoE.
Read → GlossaryA global shutter exposes all pixels at once; a rolling shutter reads row by row and skews moving parts.
Read → GlossaryThe plug-and-seat throttling valve behind most control valves.
Read → GlossaryLean TEG entrained out the top of the contactor into sales gas - a cost and a downstream contamination problem.
Read → GlossaryThe gallons of TEG pumped per pound of water removed - the key dehydrator tunable balancing dew point against fuel and BTEX.
Read → GlossaryThe absorber tower in a TEG unit where wet gas meets lean glycol counter-currently across trays or packing to dry the gas.
Read → GlossaryHow a TEG unit absorbs water from natural gas in a contactor and regenerates in the reboiler to meet pipeline spec.
Read → GlossaryWhy dehydrator still vents emit BTEX, benzene, and methane, and how circulation rate and reboiler duty drive them.
Read → GlossaryThe flash drum that recovers hydrocarbons absorbed by rich TEG before regeneration - cutting emissions and reboiler load.
Read → GlossaryThe fired vessel that boils water out of rich TEG to regenerate lean glycol - its temperature window and still column explained.
Read → GlossaryThe slow heartbeat, the post-event burst, and the counters and time-to-live that make GOOSE reliable.
Read → GlossaryHow tested GORs split commingled casinghead gas back to wells by multiplying each well's oil by its GOR.
Read → GlossaryThe TOV to GOV to GSV to NSV volume chain in tank custody transfer and where VCF and S&W deductions apply.
Read → GlossaryThe per-component molar mass, heating value, density, and compressibility constants that turn a gas analysis into HV and density.
Read → GlossaryThe North American method chaining GC composition and GPA 2145 tables to heating value, then to MMBtu through corrected volume.
Read → GlossaryHow a satellite-steered oscillator serves as a time source, and how holdover keeps time during signal loss.
Read → GlossaryA sand-control method placing sized gravel around a screen to filter formation sand, confirmed by a screen-out pressure rise.
Read → GlossaryA meter that reads gas relative density directly and continuously, serving as a fast backup and independent cross-check on GC density.
Read → GlossaryHow a GBT drains thin WAS on a porous belt with polymer, and how SCADA paces belt speed, dose, and feed.
Read → GlossaryThe headworks tank that settles out sand and grit to protect downstream pumps and clarifiers.
Read → GlossaryTOV minus free water and sediment at observed temperature, the observed oil volume before correction.
Read → GlossaryAn unintended current path to earth, how it differs from a phase-to-phase short, and how it is detected early.
Read → GlossaryThe buried conductor mesh that bonds a facility to earth and controls step-and-touch voltage.
Read → GlossaryHow two grounds at different potentials drive stray current through a signal path, corrupting analog readings.
Read → GlossaryThe intermediate index screen that groups related equipment and launches operators into each group display.
Read → GlossaryThe machine-readable device descriptions a Profibus or Profinet tool imports before any device data can be scanned.
Read → GlossaryWhy a lab shrinks the pass/fail limit inward by the uncertainty to control false accepts and false rejects.
Read → GlossaryThe vertical tank pipe that steadies a floating roof and gives radar a calm column to gauge.
Read → GlossaryThe TDR probe level meter that reads through foam and vapor - and measures oil-water interface in separators.
Read → GlossaryThe atmospheric wash / settling tank that separates oil and water by gravity - its downcomer, water wash, and controls.
Read → GlossaryThe continuous ppm hydrogen sulfide analyzer that verifies sour-gas treating and sales spec - not a safety detector.
Read → GlossaryA pre-planned contingency plan plus a release report on H2S exceedances, backed by continuous timestamped detector logs.
Read → GlossaryOne direction at a time vs simultaneous, and how turnaround delays limit polling on RS-485 and radios.
Read → GlossaryHow a magnetic field across a current-carrying conductor makes a transverse voltage for current, speed, and position.
Read → GlossaryThe cumulative pressure-vs-volume chart whose slope reveals injection-well plugging or fracturing.
Read → GlossaryThe number of faults a subsystem tolerates, and how HFT plus SFF sets the maximum claimable SIL.
Read → GlossaryAn immutable, factory-burned trust anchor in silicon that a device's whole boot chain is measured against.
Read → GlossaryThe passive or active filter, or line reactor, that reduces VFD-induced distortion and helps meet harmonic limits.
Read → GlossaryThe performance ceiling that scores a loop against the best its dead time allows, from routine data alone.
Read → GlossaryThe device that transfers heat between two streams without mixing them - shell-and-tube, plate, and air-cooled types explained.
Read → GlossaryThe deposit film that erodes heat transfer and raises pressure drop, and how trending schedules cleaning.
Read → GlossaryThe building-level unit connecting a property to a heat network, its circuits, meter, and the points SCADA polls.
Read → GlossaryApplied heat and insulation that keep impulse lines above freeze, hydrate, and dew points in cold weather.
Read → GlossarySplitting feed evenly across parallel heater coils so no pass runs hot and cokes, equalized by pass valves.
Read → GlossaryThe fired vessel that breaks oil-water emulsions and dries crude to BS&W sales spec - firetube, coalescing, and where it fits - explained.
Read → GlossaryPipeline segments where a failure could seriously harm people or water, found via the PIR and could-affect analysis.
Read → GlossaryA SIL 3 safety system that isolates the pressure source with fast-closing valves before downstream equipment can be over-pressured.
Read → GlossaryThe HSC card that counts fast pulse trains from encoders and turbine/PD meters, including quadrature direction.
Read → GlossaryAuctioneering logic that passes the highest or lowest of several controller outputs to the final element to build override control.
Read → GlossaryGuaranteeing minimum hold time, why fastest-particle flow sets the design, and the flow-rate divert interlock.
Read → GlossaryThe high-voltage jeep tester that finds pinholes in pipe coatings before burial, where one defect concentrates corrosion.
Read → GlossaryA dedicated cable running straight from a device or junction box to the control room, versus a shared multicore.
Read → GlossaryThe startup routine that establishes an absolute position reference on an incremental-feedback axis.
Read → GlossaryA semilog plot of shut-in pressure versus Horner time whose slope gives permeability and extrapolates to P star.
Read → GlossaryHow discharge-to-suction bypass holds a minimum load, why it wastes energy and heats the suction.
Read → GlossaryA heated silicon-nitride element vs a high-voltage arc: reliability, warm-up, and how the BMS proves each igniter.
Read → GlossaryThe authorization for welding and grinding near hydrocarbons, with gas testing, fire watch, and cleared radius.
Read → GlossaryThe API 21.1 record storing each hour's flow-weighted averages, flow time, and volume.
Read → GlossaryBoth are IEC 62439-3 zero-loss schemes: PRP duplicates over two parallel LANs, HSR around one ring.
Read → GlossaryThe bladed device that throttles duct airflow - parallel vs opposed blades, modulating vs isolation, and fire and smoke dampers.
Read → GlossaryThe no-moving-parts venturi pump driven by surface power fluid - nozzle-throat sizing and power-fluid monitoring.
Read → GlossaryThe analyzer that finds the temperature at which heavy hydrocarbons condense, driving pipeline HCDP limits.
Read → GlossaryWhen gas crosses its hydrocarbon dew point and heavier ends condense at cold low points, fouling meters and slugging compressors.
Read → GlossarySensor network that catches H2 leaks at %LEL thresholds and interlocks to ventilation and shutdown at hydrogen sites.
Read → GlossaryA device that measures atomic hydrogen flux through steel, giving early warning of sour corrosion and cracking risk.
Read → GlossaryOnline trace oxygen and moisture analyzers after drying that confirm hydrogen meets fuel-cell grade and protect customers.
Read → GlossaryThe 700 bar pump that fills a vehicle under SAE J2601, precooling gas and controlling the pressure ramp for safe fills.
Read → GlossaryThe colorless, deadly gas found in sour oil and gas, its properties, exposure limits, and how it is detected and controlled.
Read → GlossaryThe air-over-water pressure tank that buffers pressure and cuts pump cycling on small systems.
Read → GlossaryStacking pressure transmitters to get level, density, and product mass at once for mass-based inventory.
Read → GlossaryFilling a pipeline with water and pressuring it above MAOP to prove strength and tightness before service.
Read → GlossaryThe error-integral family, IAE, ISE, and ITAE, that scores a loop's whole response in a single number.
Read → GlossaryMaking writes safe to repeat so retries and duplicate messages never double-count or re-fire actions.
Read → GlossaryThe international standard defining the five PLC programming languages, from ladder to structured text.
Read → GlossaryInternational certification scheme issuing globally recognized Certificates of Conformity for equipment in explosive atmospheres.
Read → GlossaryThe contractual band a shipper's nominated versus delivered gas can differ before penalties or cashout apply.
Read → GlossaryThe model-based framework behind lambda tuning, where one knob sets speed and trades off robustness.
Read → GlossaryA copy that cannot be altered or deleted for a retention period - the last clean backup after ransomware.
Read → GlossaryThe inertial tool that records a pipeline's 3D centerline so repeat runs reveal ground movement and bending strain.
Read → GlossaryMetering refinery components at a header in recipe ratios to make finished fuel on the fly, sequenced to a target volume.
Read → GlossaryOpen-vent arrestor versus piped-header arrestor: what each protects and how to install it.
Read → GlossaryRow-based cooling units placed between racks to shorten the air path and cool the high-density racks CRACs cannot.
Read → GlossaryExternal and routine tank inspection while in operation, versus internal out-of-service inspection, with corrosion-driven intervals.
Read → GlossaryA feedback device that tracks relative motion via A/B quadrature channels and a Z index pulse.
Read → GlossaryWhat qualifies a safeguard as an IPL - independence, effectiveness, auditability - and how it earns credit.
Read → GlossaryForensic breadcrumbs of a breach, from malware hashes to behavioral signs like an unexpected PLC program upload.
Read → GlossaryA heater where a burner warms a glycol-water bath and the process runs through a coil in it, avoiding flame contact.
Read → GlossaryHow microbubbles lift small dispersed oil droplets out of produced water that gravity cannot remove.
Read → GlossaryFixed-mount image-based scanners that decode 1D and 2D codes on parts, and how a decode drives the PLC.
Read → GlossaryThe hardened DIN-rail switch that ties field PLCs and RTUs together - managed vs unmanaged, explained.
Read → GlossaryReading lot codes, date codes, and serials off product with a vision camera, and how it differs from OCV and document OCR.
Read → GlossaryHow nitrogen and CO2 dilute heating value and Wobbe, why tariffs cap them, and why a rising trend flags an upstream upset.
Read → GlossaryControlling a hard-to-measure property like composition by inferring it in real time from easy measurements via a soft sensor.
Read → GlossaryThe blackbody-radiation physics behind non-contact temperature, its speed, and its distance-to-spot limit.
Read → GlossaryThe cause that starts a hazard scenario and its frequency, the left-hand entry to LOPA math, and how history refines it.
Read → GlossaryStrokes per minute times volume per stroke sets the dose; ratio-to-flow pacing holds a target ppm, verified in SCADA.
Read → GlossaryThe barrels-per-day-per-psi measure of how readily a formation accepts injected water.
Read → GlossaryThe internal at a separator's inlet that breaks feed momentum and performs bulk gas-liquid separation - plate, half-pipe, or cyclone.
Read → GlossaryHow adjustable inlet vanes impart prewhirl to control capacity efficiently, and how SCADA trends vane position.
Read → GlossaryMeasuring product depth from the bottom versus empty space from the top, and how each maps to volume.
Read → GlossaryThe arithmetic that ties innage and outage together through a tank's fixed reference height, plus the errors to avoid.
Read → GlossaryThe IR-drop-free polarized pipe potential, read the instant CP current is interrupted, behind the -850 mV criterion.
Read → GlossaryThe pressure read the instant pumps stop, and the basis for deriving closure pressure and net pressure from the frac curve.
Read → GlossaryThe clean, dry, oil-free air that drives valve actuators and positioners, held to strict quality limits.
Read → GlossaryRemoves moisture from compressed air to a low pressure dew point using desiccant or refrigerated methods.
Read → GlossaryISA-7.0.01 dew point and oil-free rules, why wet air freezes positioners, and the airset at each valve.
Read → GlossaryReset in repeats/minute vs minutes/repeat vs seconds, and the unit conversion that trips up field tuning.
Read → GlossaryThe settle-versus-ramp distinction that decides how a loop must be tuned, and why level loops break the rules.
Read → GlossaryWhy ramping loops like tank level need integrator-plus-dead-time models and integrator lambda and IMC rules.
Read → GlossaryThe program to keep a line safe: identify threats, assess, remediate, and reassess on risk-based intervals.
Read → GlossaryAPI 584 critical, standard, and informational limits on parameters that drive damage mechanisms, and how they alarm.
Read → GlossaryThe between-stage cooler that cuts horsepower, drops out condensate, and protects downstream valves.
Read → GlossaryFinding the oil-water boundary in a separator, the technologies that do it, and why the rag layer makes it hard.
Read → GlossaryThe deck floating inside a fixed-roof tank whose rim seal cuts standing and working vapor losses.
Read → GlossaryThe nitrate recycle from aerobic to anoxic zone in MLE and BNR plants, its recycle ratio, and SCADA pacing.
Read → GlossaryThe per-tag flag that decides whether a historian slopes between points or holds the last value flat.
Read → GlossaryThe protection method that prevents ignition by energy-limiting field circuits, barriers vs isolators, and its use in hazardous areas.
Read → GlossaryThe galvanic DIN-rail barrier that energy-limits hazardous-area loops and separates field from control, versus a Zener barrier.
Read → GlossaryThe flat-topped midday plateau when an oversized DC array is capped at the inverter's AC rating.
Read → GlossaryA point-to-point serial link that adds digital data, parameters and diagnostics to smart sensors over three-wire cable.
Read → GlossaryIEC 60529 two-digit code rating an enclosure's protection against solid objects, dust, and water ingress.
Read → GlossaryThe small-message satellite service for assets with no cellular coverage, its message model, and why report-by-exception matters.
Read → GlossaryThe Zener or galvanic device that limits energy into hazardous areas so a signal cannot ignite gas.
Read → GlossaryThe ISA100.11a industrial wireless standard: secure self-healing mesh for field instruments, and how it compares to WirelessHART.
Read → GlossaryThe ISA-101.01 four-level display model from area overview to diagnostics, with content-per-level guidance and top-down navigation.
Read → GlossaryHow ISA-5.1 bubbles, line types, and tag codes like FT and PIT let anyone read a P&ID and map it to SCADA.
Read → GlossaryKappa feeds the orifice expansion factor; the real-gas value comes from composition and biases high-differential meters if defaulted.
Read → GlossaryThe A/B, B/C, and C/D boundaries, how machine group and mounting shift them, and how they map to setpoints.
Read → GlossaryA three-number ISO 4406 code reporting oil particle counts at 4, 6, and 14 microns.
Read → GlossaryThe register that lists every isolation point for a job and controls de-isolation and reinstatement.
Read → GlossaryThe merging of business IT and plant-floor OT - unlocking operational data while demanding careful segmentation.
Read → GlossaryThe bench test that finds the optimal coagulant dose and pH before SCADA setpoints are set.
Read → GlossaryThe ceiling-mounted reversible fan that induces longitudinal airflow, staged to an air-velocity setpoint and reversed for fire smoke control.
Read → GlossaryA small pressure-maintenance pump that absorbs leaks so the main pump does not cycle, its setpoints, and using run frequency as a leak alert.
Read → GlossaryThe pressure-driven cooling skid that drops out liquids to control hydrocarbon dew point and recover NGLs.
Read → GlossaryThe hydrodynamic fluid-film bearing that floats large rotating shafts on oil, and the temperatures and vibration it is judged by.
Read → GlossaryThe single hardened server every remote session must pass through before reaching a control device.
Read → GlossaryGranting privileges only for a bounded window then auto-revoking, ending standing admin access.
Read → GlossaryThe iodine-based reference lab method for measuring trace water in crude, glycol, and transformer oil.
Read → GlossaryA deal where the processor keeps NGL value but must return energy-equivalent gas, driven by the frac spread.
Read → GlossaryThe once-per-turn timing pulse that anchors phase, RPM, orbit dots, and balancing for rotating-machinery diagnostics.
Read → GlossaryCatching formation fluid entering the wellbore before it becomes a blowout - pit gain, flow-back, and well control.
Read → GlossaryA brief high-torque pulse or voltage pedestal that breaks away sticky, high-friction loads before the smooth ramp.
Read → GlossaryThe bypass line that pushes a loaded pig out of the launcher barrel, and the valve sequence for a safe launch.
Read → GlossaryThe throttling globe valve that holds gas pressure on separators and treaters, and how it differs from a relief valve.
Read → GlossaryThe hierarchical KKS code that names every function, equipment item, and signal in a power plant.
Read → GlossaryThe thin sharp-edged blade gate that shears through slurries and mud - and how it differs from a wedge gate valve.
Read → GlossaryThe vessel that knocks liquid out of a gas stream to protect compressors and flares - demisters, level control, and types - explained.
Read → GlossaryA key performance indicator - the target-driven number, not a raw reading - and how SCADA data feeds it in oil and gas.
Read → GlossaryHow a top-level target decomposes into contributing metrics across sites and equipment for drill-to-root-cause.
Read → GlossaryThe screen that rolls up production, uptime, and alarm health into a few at-a-glance metrics that actually drive decisions.
Read → GlossaryHow targets and warning or critical thresholds are set, and how they differ from process alarm limits.
Read → GlossaryLightweight orchestration like k3s that manages, heals, and updates containers across a remote device fleet.
Read → GlossarykW is instantaneous power (rate); kWh is accumulated energy (quantity), like flow rate versus totalized volume.
Read → GlossaryA model-based method that targets a chosen closed-loop response for smooth, non-oscillatory control.
Read → GlossaryMeasuring angular and parallel offset between coupled shafts precisely with a laser tool.
Read → GlossaryThe bistable valve that holds position on a brief pulse, enabling battery and two-wire field valve networks.
Read → GlossaryAllocating a total end-to-end delay allowance across the path to decide if closed-loop control over cellular is safe.
Read → GlossaryThe survey, monitor, tag, repair, and reverify cycle that finds and fixes fugitive emissions leaks.
Read → GlossaryMeasures H2S by how fast a stain forms on impregnated tape, reaching the low ppm to ppb pipeline-quality gas needs.
Read → GlossaryA transfer-function block that times a feedforward signal so its correction arrives with the right dynamics to cancel a disturbance.
Read → GlossaryA lead unit modulates first and lag units stage in as demand rises, with run-hour rotation and anti-short-cycle logic.
Read → GlossaryThe methods and software that catch pipeline releases early.
Read → GlossaryThe monthly per-lease view of volumes, revenue, and cost, where accurate SCADA volumes drive revenue and speed the close.
Read → GlossaryGranting each account only the access it needs, and why shared engineering logins break the principle.
Read → GlossarySolids arch above an empty cavity so a level device reads full while material has discharged; cross-check level against outflow.
Read → GlossaryPoint-level detection (LSH/LSL) for overfill and dry-run protection using fork, conductivity, or float types.
Read → GlossarySplitting limited injection gas among wells by marginal oil-per-gas response to maximize total field oil.
Read → GlossaryThe self-sustained oscillation a sticky valve forces on a stable loop, and why tuning never cures it.
Read → GlossaryThe mechanical contact switch that confirms valve open-close position and end-of-travel in the field.
Read → GlossaryThe impedance choke on a drive's input tames harmonics; on the output it protects the motor and cable.
Read → GlossaryHow relays at both line ends exchange current phasors over fiber and compare them.
Read → GlossaryThe indirect water-bath heater that warms wellhead gas across the choke to stop hydrates and freezing.
Read → GlossaryThe temperature loop that keeps a wellsite line heater from letting the flow line hydrate or freeze.
Read → GlossaryWhy a clear view is not enough and how the Fresnel zone and earth curvature set antenna height.
Read → GlossaryThe compressible gas inventory that makes a pipeline its own buffer store.
Read → GlossaryThe physical field check of valve positions against the P&ID before startup, transfer, or return to service.
Read → GlossaryThe maximum deviation of a sensor's real curve from an ideal straight line, and why the reference line changes the number.
Read → GlossaryActive probing that declares a path dead and triggers failover, instead of passively waiting for traffic to time out.
Read → GlossaryDirect-to-chip and immersion cooling for 100kW+ AI racks, plus the flow, pressure, and leak points to monitor.
Read → GlossaryHow falling gas velocity lets liquids pile up in the wellbore, the SCADA symptoms, and how to unload.
Read → GlossarySpreading traffic for capacity versus surviving a node loss, and why load balancing alone is not redundancy.
Read → GlossaryThe prioritized dropping of non-essential loads that keeps a power system from cascading into a total blackout.
Read → GlossaryCutting or duty-limiting a resistive heater as battery or generator capacity drops to protect off-grid autonomy.
Read → GlossaryAn articulated pipe with swivel joints that links a terminal to a truck, rail car, or vessel, with drain and connection interlocks.
Read → GlossaryEncoders and inclinometers tracking a marine arm's envelope, with a drift pre-alarm and a shutdown that fires the ERC.
Read → GlossaryTelescoping top-loading tube that lowers into the hatch for submerged fill, with vapor collection and position sensing gating the load.
Read → GlossaryThe forward-fill rule that repeats the last value across gaps, safe for state tags, risky for stalled sensors.
Read → GlossaryThe several-times-rated current a motor draws at zero speed; NEMA code letters classify it and it sizes protection.
Read → GlossaryPhysical control of hazardous energy so equipment cannot restart during maintenance.
Read → GlossaryThe effective temperature driving force that sizes and rates heat exchangers, and signals fouling as it drifts.
Read → GlossaryHow LWD adds gamma, resistivity, and porosity sensors to the BHA to drive real-time geosteering.
Read → GlossaryThe certified decision-making middle of a safety function that reads sensors and commands final elements.
Read → GlossaryA safety countdown a solo worker must reset, or the system auto-escalates a welfare alert to dispatch.
Read → GlossaryOne proves the signal path field-to-screen, the other proves the logic behaves - and how they sequence.
Read → GlossaryHow two loops sharing a process fight each other, and how pairing and detuning resolve it.
Read → GlossaryAdd the voltage budget from compliance and drops, total the current budget for shared supplies, then add margin.
Read → GlossaryHow controller settings are adjusted for a stable, responsive loop, the common methods, and why tuning depends on the process.
Read → GlossaryThe per-loop drawing that traces a signal from field instrument through JB and I/O to the SCADA tag, terminal by terminal.
Read → GlossaryCommand 0/25/50/75/100 percent, confirm stroke and feedback, verify fail action, and measure deadband and hysteresis.
Read → GlossaryThe field display that runs on a small voltage drop stolen from the 4-20 mA loop, no power feed needed.
Read → GlossaryThe low-power, long-range LPWAN for battery sensors, its data-rate limits, and where it fits monitoring - explained.
Read → GlossaryThe regulatory cap on sub-GHz airtime that limits reporting frequency and downlink, and how it shapes payload sizing.
Read → GlossaryThe gap between gas received and delivered, its real causes, and how tighter measurement narrows it.
Read → GlossaryMud escaping into the formation, its kick risk, LCM cures, and how flow monitoring detects it early.
Read → GlossaryThe leanest flammable gas-air mixture, how percent-LEL is measured, and the alarm levels that keep atmospheres below the explosive range.
Read → GlossaryWhy LPWAN favours telemetry uplink and limits downlink, making it poor for fast remote control.
Read → GlossaryThe mobility-capable, higher-throughput cellular IoT tier, when to pick it over NB-IoT, and its role in RTU telemetry.
Read → GlossaryThe packaged skid of pumps, coolers, and filters that keeps bearing oil flowing and trips on low pressure.
Read → GlossaryThe pressurized console of pumps, coolers, filters, and accumulators that feeds oil to a big machine's bearings and seals.
Read → GlossaryThe highest-leverage part of a vision system, turning a defect into high-contrast pixels before software runs.
Read → GlossaryThe coordinated stack of camera, lens, lighting, capture, and software that turns a scene into a decision.
Read → GlossaryAn active magnetic bearing that levitates a rotor electromagnetically in oil-free compressors and streams rotor position and coil current.
Read → GlossaryA sealless pump that transmits torque through a containment shell, its dry-run and decouple risks, and the SCADA signals that protect it.
Read → GlossaryDual-source switchgear with a normally-open tie breaker that transfers a bus when one source fails.
Read → GlossaryMomentary springs back and needs hold logic; maintained stays put. Mis-reading one causes drop-out.
Read → GlossaryHow over- and under-delivered owners balance in-kind over time, and the shared record that tracks who is owed.
Read → GlossaryUnmanaged switches just forward traffic; managed switches add VLANs, ring redundancy, port security, and diagnostics.
Read → GlossaryThe disciplined process for reviewing and approving changes to equipment, procedures, or limits.
Read → GlossaryThe controller output - valve, VFD, or pump - the loop moves to drive the PV to setpoint.
Read → GlossaryBreak-glass or pull station that lets a person raise the fire or general alarm by hand, feeding the F&G logic solver.
Read → GlossaryThe hand procedure with a steel tape, bob, and paste that stays the custody-transfer backup for SCADA levels.
Read → GlossaryThe code-established pressure ceiling that governs every pipeline segment.
Read → GlossaryThe control-room interface that cross-wires field multicore signals to controller I/O channels.
Read → GlossaryInputs minus outputs minus shrink equals inventory change - unaccounted-for volume, thresholds, and SCADA automation.
Read → GlossaryBase volume is mass divided by base density from composition and AGA 8; the chain runs to standard volume and energy.
Read → GlossaryThe request/response roles - master initiates, outstations answer - that frame all SCADA polling.
Read → GlossaryKeeping one golden record per asset so SCADA, historian, CMMS, and ERP agree on the same wells and equipment.
Read → GlossaryA certified reference meter run in series to prove a working meter - a third proving method beyond pipe and volumetric provers.
Read → GlossaryA reference-meter skid that verifies field meters in series where a pipe prover is impractical.
Read → GlossaryThe SCADA master station that polls RTUs, hosts the central database, and drives operator displays.
Read → GlossaryStimulation below fracture pressure that dissolves near-wellbore damage in carbonate and sandstone without fracturing the rock.
Read → GlossaryThe periodic review of a custody point's meters, calculations, calibrations, and records.
Read → GlossaryThe auditor-facing report that closes the balance between metered in and out and flags disagreeing meters.
Read → GlossaryHow individual instrument errors combine into a total uncertainty budget that governs custody-transfer acceptance.
Read → GlossaryHow an MWD tool measures inclination, azimuth, and toolface downhole and pulses the survey up to surface.
Read → GlossaryThe milestone declaring a system is built correctly per drawings and ready to hand from construction to commissioning.
Read → GlossaryThe annulus pressure test that proves an injection well has no leak between tubing, casing, and packer.
Read → GlossaryThe rotating and stationary face pair that keeps process fluid inside a pump, watched via flush and seal-pot readings.
Read → GlossaryThe bronze, silver, and gold layering of raw, cleaned, and aggregated SCADA telemetry that keeps raw data auditable while serving BI.
Read → GlossaryThe device that bridges copper Ethernet to fiber for distance and noise immunity - and how it differs from a switch.
Read → GlossaryTaking the median of the last N samples removes isolated spikes a moving average would smear, and suits impulse noise.
Read → GlossaryActivated sludge plus membrane filtration, managed by watching transmembrane pressure, flux, and cleaning cycles.
Read → GlossaryHow polymer membranes remove CO2 by permeation, how it compares to amine treating, and what SCADA tracks.
Read → GlossaryMeasures odorant thiols separately from H2S, supporting gas odorization control and product-spec monitoring.
Read → GlossaryA gold-amalgamation atomic fluorescence instrument that measures trace mercury to protect aluminum exchangers and catalysts.
Read → GlossaryThe device that samples CT/VT signals, timestamps them via PTP, and publishes Sampled Values.
Read → GlossaryThe reference tower of anemometers and vanes that measures the true wind for resource and power tests.
Read → GlossaryHow a flow computer stages parallel runs by total rate to keep each in its accurate band.
Read → GlossaryFluid leaking past a PD meter's clearances that grows at low flow and low viscosity and shifts the factor.
Read → GlossaryThe precision-machined pipe run around an orifice or ultrasonic meter, with controlled bore and straight-length requirements.
Read → GlossarySetting custody meter proving cadence from contract, value, drift history, and regulation.
Read → GlossaryThe precise reciprocating dosing pump that injects an exact volume of chemical per stroke, set by stroke length and frequency.
Read → GlossaryThe submission that documents exceedance events, repair timelines, and monitoring completeness under newer methane rules.
Read → GlossaryA knock-resistance rating for fuel gas, like octane, that an engine layer uses to derate or blend as heavy ends rise.
Read → GlossaryA knock-resistance rating for fuel gas, like octane for a gas engine, computed from composition to protect engines.
Read → GlossaryUnburned methane that passes through an engine or flare into the exhaust - a combustion-efficiency loss.
Read → GlossaryHow methanol suppresses gas hydrates in wet cold lines, and how SCADA flags plugging and injection-pump faults.
Read → GlossaryCount pump strokes, multiply by volume-per-stroke, and reconcile against tank drawdown to verify injected volume.
Read → GlossaryThe unbroken documented chain linking a field instrument's reading back to a national or SI standard.
Read → GlossaryThe NDT method that finds metal loss by sensing magnetic-field disruption at corrosion pits.
Read → GlossaryCorrosion driven by bacteria under deposits on pipe and tank walls, causing hidden pitting that biocides control.
Read → GlossaryWatching rope wear, brake performance, position, and overwind protection on the winder that raises ore and people.
Read → GlossaryThe smallest input change an instrument can tell from its own noise, and why it caps what SCADA can catch.
Read → GlossaryWhy SIL math assumes a constant failure rate, and how useful life bounds when that assumption holds.
Read → GlossaryThe mesh pad or vane pack that coalesces and drops fine liquid droplets from gas to protect downstream compressors.
Read → GlossaryThe separator internal - mesh pad, vane pack, or cyclone - that removes entrained liquid droplets from gas to stop carryover.
Read → GlossaryThe industrial catalog of adversary tactics and techniques OT teams use to map detection coverage and structure hunts.
Read → GlossaryThe biomass concentration in the aeration basin, read by inline TSS probes and used to drive wasting and SRT.
Read → GlossaryA phone or tablet app that guides a technician through a route, captures manual readings, and syncs them to SCADA.
Read → GlossaryWhy predictive models lose accuracy as conditions change, and how monitoring and retraining keep them useful.
Read → GlossaryThe online instrument that measures water in gas in lb/MMscf to verify dehydration and meet pipeline specs.
Read → GlossaryThe solid-desiccant adsorption dryer that reaches cryogenic dew points glycol cannot, on a bed-swing regeneration cycle.
Read → GlossaryA numerical method that propagates input distributions through the model, handling nonlinear flow equations where the RSS law fails.
Read → GlossaryLoad-cell hooks and drift sensing that watch line tension and vessel position during loading, feeding alarms and the arm ESD.
Read → GlossaryHow a solar inverter hunts the knee of the I-V curve to extract peak DC power as conditions change.
Read → GlossaryThe average time from an alarm firing to an operator accepting it, gauging notification-system and on-call responsiveness.
Read → GlossaryReal-time analysis of returning cuttings and gas to build a lithology and hydrocarbon-show log while drilling.
Read → GlossaryThe method for accounting for all personnel at muster stations after an alarm, from T-card boards to live POB counts.
Read → GlossaryBoth client and server present certificates so a rogue device cannot impersonate a legitimate RTU.
Read → GlossaryN units to run plus one spare that covers any single failure - the concept, SCADA uses, and a sizing example.
Read → GlossaryThe sour-service materials standard that sets which alloys and hardness limits are allowed in H2S environments.
Read → GlossaryThe 4-20 mA fault levels that let a broken loop signal failure instead of a plausible reading.
Read → GlossaryEthane, propane, butane, and pentanes-plus recovered from gas - how they're recovered, fractionated, and why they're valuable.
Read → GlossaryA head-to-head on throughput, latency, mobility, and power for fixed sensors versus mobile assets.
Read → GlossaryReads CO2, CO and hydrocarbons by how much infrared light a filtered band the gas absorbs, no reagents needed.
Read → GlossaryThe Class, Division, and Group scheme for hazardous electrical locations and how it drives equipment and wiring choices.
Read → GlossaryThe fine-metering valve for instrument, sample, and gauge lines.
Read → GlossaryHow a rupture launches a rarefaction wave, and how arrival timing pinpoints the leak.
Read → GlossaryHow open-phase and unbalance faults create I2 that overcurrent misses, and how the 46 element protects motors and lines.
Read → GlossaryNEMA 250 classification telling you whether an electrical enclosure resists dust, water, corrosion, or explosive atmospheres.
Read → GlossaryThe device that combines total liquid flow with live water cut to compute net oil and water in real time.
Read → GlossaryThe NPSHa-versus-NPSHr suction margin that prevents pump cavitation, watchable through suction-pressure telemetry.
Read → GlossaryControlling which devices may connect to a switch port so a rogue laptop plugged into OT is blocked.
Read → GlossaryRing topology and RSTP that heal a broken link automatically so one cable fault never downs a site - explained.
Read → GlossaryUS fire-protection body whose codes (NEC, NFPA 30, 496, 70E) govern hazardous-location wiring and flammable-liquid handling.
Read → GlossaryThe Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code: liquid classification, tank spacing, diking, and containment sizing.
Read →Merobix is cloud SCADA for oil & gas - it reads the instruments and protocols defined here into one dashboard.
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