Supervisory control, telemetry, polling, and the core building blocks of a SCADA system. 222 terms in this topic - each defined in plain English on its own page.
Supervisory control, telemetry, polling, and the core building blocks of a SCADA system.
Three copies, two media, one offsite - and why the air-gapped copy is what defeats SCADA ransomware.
Read → GlossaryA poll rate that speeds up for sites in alarm or changing and slows down when quiet, cutting cellular data cost.
Read → GlossaryFlagging readings that deviate from learned normal - statistical and model-based methods, and how it differs from alarms.
Read → GlossaryPulling large tag-history ranges through a paged REST API without dropping rows, using cursors, resume, and backoff.
Read → GlossaryRestricting a private-APN SIM to the SCADA host range only, blocking exfiltration and runaway data usage.
Read → GlossaryStreaming the user and config audit trail to an external SIEM or archive so records survive independently.
Read → GlossaryHow 99.9, 99.99, and 99.999 percent uptime translate to yearly downtime and the architecture each needs.
Read → GlossaryWhat the Bad flag on an HMI means, the causes that force it, and how to clear it by fixing the source.
Read → GlossaryTelemetry data rate, how it differs from latency, and how remote sites conserve it - explained.
Read → GlossaryRebuilding a whole SCADA server - OS, drivers, apps, config - onto blank hardware from a full image.
Read → GlossaryChronic undercharge hardens sulfate on lead-acid plates, cutting capacity and showing as early voltage sag.
Read → GlossaryImport hundreds of tags from a CSV with column mapping, duplicate validation, a dry-run preview, and rollback.
Read → GlossaryThe single authoritative golden identifier a cloud SCADA assigns above many device-native tag names.
Read → GlossaryHow LTE-Advanced bonds multiple bands to lift a remote gateway's throughput for historian sync and firmware pushes.
Read → GlossaryCoverage, latency, bandwidth, and cost of the three remote SCADA backhauls, and how to choose - compared.
Read → GlossaryA decision guide weighing star, ring, bus, and mesh against cost, distance, fault tolerance, and site layout.
Read → GlossaryThe cloud automatically adding and removing compute as load changes, so you pay only for what you use.
Read → GlossaryHaving SCADA create and update CMMS work orders from runtime and condition triggers, with dedup and confirmation.
Read → GlossaryWhole-facility supervision of a refrigerated warehouse: zones, refrigeration plant, sequencing and excursion alarms.
Read → GlossaryHow a master decides a poll failed, how many retries before offline, and how it affects data quality.
Read → GlossaryNo response means total silence; a timeout can also fire on late, partial, or CRC-failed replies. Each points to a different fix.
Read → GlossaryThe SCADA alert raised when a site stops responding, flagging that its data is stale and the process is unseen.
Read → GlossarySession-pool counting versus per-seat assignment, and which fits shift-based control rooms vs occasional web viewers.
Read → GlossaryRolling completeness, staleness, violations, and substitution rate into one 0-100 trust score per tag to gate decisions.
Read → GlossaryAn immutable log of every setpoint, alarm-limit, and permission change with who, when, and old-vs-new value.
Read → GlossaryPackaging an app with its dependencies into a lightweight portable unit that runs identically anywhere.
Read → GlossaryConfirming a remote command took effect by reading the resulting state back to close the control loop.
Read → GlossaryThe operator workstation of screens, controls, and comms that runs a facility.
Read → GlossaryThe pre-agreed procedure to safely revert to the legacy SCADA if a cutover fails, with triggers and testing.
Read → GlossaryThe level, seepage, uplift, and movement sensors trended against thresholds so SCADA gives early warning of dam problems.
Read → GlossaryOne screen layout bound to many sites by parameter, so each asset gets an identical view driven by its own tags.
Read → GlossaryHow buffered data recovered after an outage is inserted into history at its original timestamps.
Read → GlossaryThe documented catalog of every tag's meaning - units, ranges, source, update rate - so anyone can interpret the data.
Read → GlossaryAdding context like asset ID, location, and units to raw telemetry so dashboards and analytics are self-describing.
Read → GlossaryThe named person who owns tag definitions, approves naming and scaling changes, and answers for data quality.
Read → GlossaryThe component that logs tags to and reads recipes from an external SQL database over ODBC or JDBC.
Read → GlossaryHow many sunless days a site runs on battery before hitting its depth-of-discharge floor - usually 5 to 7.
Read → GlossaryA configured tag that never received data or stopped forever - distinct from a frozen or merely stale point.
Read → GlossaryThe router address a device uses to reach off-subnet destinations, why a wrong gateway lets a PLC ping locally but never reach the cloud, and how it fits the cellular router at a remote pad.
Read → GlossaryWhy rate and integral math must use the real elapsed time, how to capture dt, and the drift from assuming a fixed scan.
Read → GlossaryTriage RSRP/RSRQ signal, APN and SIM issues, data caps, carrier band drops, and a watchdog reboot loop.
Read → GlossaryThe status, measured, counter, and control point types that classify tags in a SCADA database.
Read → GlossaryLive queries against the source versus cached data in the model, and why huge time-series volumes force DirectQuery or pre-aggregation.
Read → GlossarySupervising a heat network: substation telemetry, supply and return temperatures, and weather-compensated control.
Read → GlossaryThe full static-value snapshot a DNP3 master reads to re-baseline current state, versus incremental Class 1/2/3 event polls.
Read → GlossaryWhen a value already in engineering units is scaled again, producing a wildly wrong but sometimes plausible number.
Read → GlossaryA multihomed server with one NIC on the control network and one on the business side - and how to keep them apart.
Read → GlossaryRunning two independent comm paths with automatic failover so one outage cannot silence a critical site.
Read → GlossaryWhen a tag's value and its declared unit disagree, or two systems assume different units, corrupting math and reports.
Read → GlossaryHow a raw 4-20 mA or ADC count becomes real units like psi or barrels, and where mis-scaling hides.
Read → GlossaryThe two-way link that posts production data up to SAP or Oracle and brings work orders back down.
Read → GlossaryAn embedded eUICC that switches carrier profiles over the air without a truck roll, with multi-IMSI roaming.
Read → GlossaryThe timestamped record of alarms, operator actions, and system events.
Read → GlossaryThe dB cushion above receiver sensitivity that keeps a link up through weather and multipath.
Read → GlossaryThe controlled first application of power to panels and control hardware, a high-risk milestone with strict procedures.
Read → GlossaryA cellular SIM provisioned with a persistent, addressable IP so a remote field device stays directly reachable.
Read → GlossaryWhen an engineer overrides a live value so the system reads a forced number, and the risk of forgotten forces.
Read → GlossaryThe dedicated comms server that offloads polling and protocol handling from the SCADA master station.
Read → GlossaryHow a wrong clock, doubled timezone offset, or GPS rollover pushes data into the future and freezes trends and last-value queries.
Read → GlossaryAn event fired when a GPS position crosses a virtual boundary, for crew arrival, theft detection, and site polling.
Read → GlossaryRedundancy across physically separate sites so a fire, flood, or power loss at one location does not end supervision.
Read → GlossaryA map that plots assets at real coordinates with live status for at-a-glance fleet awareness.
Read → GlossaryA hardened, standardized OS and app template cloned to deploy identical HMI stations, edge devices, or VMs.
Read → GlossaryThe one reconciled, trusted version of a tag's metadata, built from conflicting sources by survivorship rules.
Read → GlossaryThe bundle of as-builts, records, backups, manuals, and sign-offs transferred to operations at project acceptance.
Read → GlossaryA periodic keepalive that proves a device or link is alive, letting SCADA detect silent failures and stale data.
Read → GlossaryA colour-coded grid of similar assets that surfaces outliers across a large fleet at a glance.
Read → GlossaryA fully-running backup server that mirrors live state so it takes over in seconds with no data gap.
Read → GlossaryPick the device and register, set type, scaling, units, and name, then verify the live value before saving.
Read → GlossaryAdd pens, assign colors and axes, set the window and refresh, pick real-time or historical, and decimate long ranges.
Read → GlossaryLay out a process mimic, add and bind display objects, add navigation, and use calm high-performance HMI color.
Read → GlossaryAssign the tag, set HI and LO limits and priorities, add deadband and delay, write a clear message, then test it.
Read → GlossaryEnter SMTP settings, build a rule by priority, add recipients and a clear message template, then test delivery.
Read → GlossaryName the role, pick granular permissions, scope it to areas, assign users, and grant only least privilege.
Read → GlossaryBuild the columns from a template, avoid name collisions, validate before commit, and keep a backup to roll back.
Read → GlossaryChoose what to capture, set frequency and retention, store a copy offsite and immutable, and test the restore.
Read → GlossaryGroup tags into fast and slow scan classes, balance responsiveness against PLC load and data cost, and use deadband.
Read → GlossaryMap the template to tags and a relative time range, pick PDF or CSV, set the schedule, and add recipients.
Read → GlossaryConnect a gateway or provider, trigger texts by high priority, add on-call numbers, and add throttling and quiet hours.
Read → GlossaryA zero-install client that renders SCADA screens in a browser over HTTPS, with nothing local to patch.
Read → GlossaryOne central SCADA host polling many dispersed remote sites over radio, cellular, or VPN, with bandwidth and single-hub risks.
Read → GlossaryTime-critical control and local HMI stay at the edge while historian and multi-site views live in the cloud.
Read → GlossaryThe software layer that runs many isolated SCADA/HMI VMs on one server, plus Type 1 vs Type 2 in OT.
Read → GlossaryA switch feature that delivers multicast only to subscribers, stopping the floods that cause EtherNet/IP I/O timeouts.
Read → GlossaryThe periodic full read a DNP3 master performs to re-synchronize with an RTU and recover after event buffer overflow or a restart.
Read → GlossaryVariation in packet delay, why it differs from latency, and how it disrupts polling on wireless SCADA links.
Read → GlossaryThe receive-side buffer that absorbs variable arrival timing so downstream logic sees an even, ordered stream.
Read → GlossaryDesigning the value, quality, timestamp, and units envelope that carries a SCADA reading to the cloud.
Read → GlossaryA small periodic message that keeps an idle SCADA connection open and detected as live through firewalls, NAT, and cellular timeouts.
Read → GlossaryRuns a dashboard locked full-screen on an unattended display, read-only, no navigation away, with auto-recovery on reboot.
Read → GlossaryNetwork delay in SCADA, how transports compare, and why it matters for polling and remote control - explained.
Read → GlossaryHow an inserted second can duplicate or reverse timestamps and break event ordering, plus leap smearing.
Read → GlossaryHow low-earth-orbit constellations beat geostationary VSAT on latency and antenna size, and how orbit shapes SCADA design.
Read → GlossaryReconciling deployed tags and seats against entitlements, the true-up bill, and how to track usage to avoid it.
Read → GlossaryFCC-licensed narrowband SCADA radios, licensed vs unlicensed, and why oilfields still run private networks - explained.
Read → GlossaryCompare usable capacity, cycle life, and cost, with the freezing-temperature charge caveat that trips up northern installs.
Read → GlossaryHow radios sense a shared channel and wait before transmitting to avoid collisions, and its effect on throughput.
Read → GlossaryThe schematic process graphic that mirrors plant equipment on an operator screen.
Read → GlossaryRunning workloads across two or more cloud providers for resilience, portability, and data residency.
Read → GlossaryHow duplicate addresses or overlapping replies garble each other into random CRC errors, and how to spot contention versus a dead device.
Read → GlossaryWhen two distinct points end up with the same name and one overwrites or shadows the other, corrupting data.
Read → GlossaryHow IEEE-754 special values arise in calculated tags, poison downstream aggregates, and must be trapped and flagged.
Read → GlossaryWhy a gateway behind carrier-grade NAT can't accept inbound polls, and the outbound-initiated patterns that solve it.
Read → GlossaryThe low-power, deep-coverage cellular class for small periodic payloads, its trade-offs, and how it compares to Cat-M and LTE.
Read → GlossaryKeeping every RTU clock aligned so event ordering, sequence-of-events analysis, and buffered timestamps stay trustworthy.
Read → GlossaryMachine-to-machine auth for SCADA-to-cloud REST calls using short-lived scoped bearer tokens instead of static keys.
Read → GlossaryA whole-tag maintenance state that inhibits alarms, excludes bad data from reports, and shows a clear indicator.
Read → GlossaryRunning the new SCADA alongside the legacy system on the same live data to compare before retiring the old.
Read → GlossaryLaying out SCADA telemetry as Parquet by date and site, with compaction and column pruning for fast, cheap queries.
Read → GlossaryThe equivalent full-sun hours a site gets per day, not daylight hours; the worst-month value drives panel and battery sizing.
Read → GlossaryThe control-center system that runs a pipeline from one screen.
Read → GlossaryHow unsynchronized field clocks slowly diverge from server time, corrupting event ordering and history.
Read → GlossaryVerifying every field wire lands on the correct terminal and I/O channel before loops are energized.
Read → GlossaryA batch of device points SCADA reads in one request instead of individually, cutting round trips and speeding up polling on slow links.
Read → GlossaryTag priority tiers that poll safety-critical data every cycle and trend-only tags less often, bounding worst-case latency.
Read → GlossaryHow a master orders and paces polls across many devices on one shared link, with round-robin and priorities.
Read → GlossaryQuerying the SCADA historian live in Power BI, relying on query folding and aggregation pushdown to avoid table scans.
Read → GlossaryThe service that lets cloud Power BI query an on-prem historian through outbound connections, without opening inbound ports.
Read → GlossaryStreaming live SCADA values onto dashboards via a REST rows endpoint, with retention limits and row-rate throttling.
Read → GlossaryThe fraction of time a load is on, which turns scary peak draw into the honest average that sizes a solar array.
Read → GlossaryA self-operated cellular network over CBRS or licensed spectrum covering a site public carriers cannot reach.
Read → GlossaryThe header and polling bytes that inflate telemetry traffic far beyond the raw readings you actually send.
Read → GlossarySub-microsecond clock sync with grandmaster, boundary, and transparent clocks, and when PTP beats NTP.
Read → GlossaryThe register of outstanding deficiencies from FAT, SAT, and commissioning that gates final acceptance.
Read → GlossarySupervising a land-based fish farm's water quality, treatment loops and pumps with cascading alarms.
Read → GlossaryThe derived per-minute rate that alarms on fast pressure or level moves before a fixed limit is hit.
Read → GlossaryA validation rule that flags readings changing faster than physically possible as suspect, even when in range.
Read → GlossaryBounding an incoming value against a sensor's physical range and clamping or flagging bad readings.
Read → GlossaryExponential backoff with jitter so hundreds of gateways do not hammer the broker at once after an outage.
Read → GlossaryTwo masters share device scanning with arbitrated ownership so a standby takes over on failure without double-polling.
Read → GlossaryDual PSUs through a diode-OR module, dual DC buses and AC feeds, and how it pairs with a UPS.
Read → GlossaryA managed closed loop with a ring manager that survives a single break with fast self-healing recovery.
Read → GlossaryThe two-node building block: how a primary and backup are cabled, synced, and how the pair fails as a unit.
Read → GlossaryAn outbound-only agent meets a cloud relay so technicians reach OT assets with no inbound holes or VPN.
Read → GlossaryA hardened broker that terminates encrypted RDP at the OT perimeter so HMIs are never directly exposed.
Read → GlossaryContinuously watching distributed field assets from one location over telemetry - and how it differs from remote control.
Read → GlossaryRunning reports on a schedule and delivering them, with gas-day boundaries, subscriptions, and delivery retry handling.
Read → GlossarySelf-service opt-in to scheduled reports where each user picks cadence and format, scoped to what they can see.
Read → GlossaryOne screen definition that reflows for phone, tablet, and desktop, serving field and control room without a mobile app.
Read → GlossaryExposing tag data over HTTP and JSON so any tool can pull SCADA values without a native driver.
Read → GlossaryClient-asks-on-an-interval versus SCADA-calls-on-an-event: latency, waste, rate limits, and reachability compared.
Read → GlossaryThe phone-home broker pattern where the field device opens the link, so no inbound ports or public IPs are needed.
Read → GlossaryAn application-layer proxy that publishes a web HMI safely: TLS termination, auth pre-check, and hidden hosts.
Read → GlossaryStructuring SCADA permissions by job role instead of per-user, the mechanism that implements least privilege.
Read → GlossaryThe there-and-back delay of one poll, which usually limits how many devices a SCADA channel can serve on slow links.
Read → GlossaryWhy the wellhead RTU runs pump and shut-in logic itself and keeps controlling the well when the link drops.
Read → GlossaryStreaming live run hours and cycle counts into a CMMS meter so a threshold spawns usage-based PM work orders.
Read → GlossaryPosting SCADA production totals into SAP as IDocs, with segment mapping, RFC and ALE plumbing, and status 51 handling.
Read → GlossaryHow GEO and LEO satellite links carry SCADA data from sites with no cellular coverage - explained.
Read → GlossaryThe queryable record of user actions - logins, setpoint and config changes, acknowledgments, and control commands.
Read → GlossaryThe staged transition from a built, tested control system to a live operational one, phase by phase.
Read → GlossaryThe controlled switch from an old SCADA to a new one, big-bang or phased, without leaving the facility blind.
Read → GlossaryThe buffered mid-zone between plant OT and enterprise IT, what shared services live in it, and why no IT host reaches a PLC.
Read → GlossaryThe written DR document: recovery objectives, roles and call-tree, ordered restore steps, alternate site, and comms.
Read → GlossaryThe failover event end to end - detection, the switch decision, the handoff, and reconnecting operators and devices.
Read → GlossaryRedundancy is unproven until tested; how to run a safe planned switchover and the surprises drills expose.
Read → GlossaryThe device that connects field networks to higher-level SCADA or cloud systems, translating protocols, aggregating data, and enforcing the OT/IT boundary.
Read → GlossaryThe service that hands out floating licenses at runtime; why 24/7 SCADA deploys it redundantly.
Read → GlossaryThe software tier that translates, buffers, and decouples field data from enterprise and cloud systems.
Read → GlossaryThe discipline of scoping, sequencing, and de-risking a move off legacy SCADA across a fleet of sites.
Read → GlossaryRight-sizing CPU and RAM from tag count, client sessions, scan rate and alarm load, with headroom to spare.
Read → GlossaryThe named data point that links a field value to displays, alarms, and history, naming conventions, and mapping to protocols.
Read → GlossaryBridging field MQTT into AWS IoT Core, with topic rules fanning data to Timestream, S3, and Kinesis and device certs securing gateways.
Read → GlossaryMoving SCADA tags via Pub/Sub and the Storage Write API into time-partitioned, clustered BigQuery tables with dedup.
Read → GlossaryThe pipeline that lands raw and aggregated telemetry in object storage as Parquet, partitioned by asset and time for analytics.
Read → GlossaryAuto-creating maintenance work orders from SCADA conditions, mapping to templates with dedup, failure codes, and status round-trip.
Read → GlossaryLanding SCADA telemetry in Delta Lake via Auto Loader or streaming, then refining raw tags through bronze, silver, and gold.
Read → GlossaryAligning tag identities with ERP material numbers and functional locations via cross-reference tables so postings land right.
Read → GlossaryPosting validated production and consumption volumes into an ERP as confirmations or goods movements, after VEE and allocation gates.
Read → GlossaryStreaming plant telemetry into Event Hubs as the Azure front door, with site partition keys, throughput units, and Capture.
Read → GlossaryPublishing SCADA tag changes onto Kafka topics, with keying for per-partition ordering and Connect sinks to warehouses.
Read → GlossaryConnecting historian data into Power BI via a queryable source, with pre-aggregation and a star schema so dashboards stay fast.
Read → GlossaryLanding SCADA tags in Snowflake via Snowpipe or COPY INTO, with VARIANT payloads and time-clustered micro-partitions.
Read → GlossaryThe physical box running the SCADA, historian, and engineering-station VMs - and why it needs clustering.
Read → GlossaryThe gain and bias that convert a raw signal to a usable value, and how to compute them from endpoints.
Read → GlossaryHow tags are grouped by update rate to balance responsiveness against bandwidth in PLC and SCADA polling.
Read → GlossaryWhat happens when a poll or scan cycle cannot finish before the next is due, and how to diagnose it.
Read → GlossaryA report engine rendering branded, page-formatted PDFs from historian data on a timer, with charts and tables.
Read → GlossaryA shared store of Avro or Protobuf contracts that enforces safe schema evolution across streaming telemetry.
Read → GlossarySyncing SCADA accounts from a corporate directory so roles are assigned automatically and access ends on offboarding.
Read → GlossaryA redundant WAN overlay bonding cellular, broadband, and MPLS with sub-second failover to keep polling alive.
Read → GlossarySplitting a sensitive change across two people so no one can both make and approve it.
Read → GlossaryScheduled flat-file exports to an SFTP landing zone, with atomic rename, filename conventions, and reconciliation.
Read → GlossarySize for both voltage drop and derated ampacity, take the larger gauge, and raise system voltage to shrink the wire.
Read → GlossaryFrom daily Wh load and worst-month peak sun hours, through the derate stack, up to a standard panel with margin.
Read → GlossaryWhen a broken sync link makes both nodes act as primary and command the field - the risk and the defenses.
Read → GlossaryLogging into a cloud SCADA with a corporate identity via SAML or OIDC, centrally managed and instantly revoked.
Read → GlossaryA non-production copy where graphics, driver, and logic changes are validated with simulated data before going live.
Read → GlossaryHow addresses are assigned, why cellular sites sit behind dynamic carrier NAT, and why outbound connections win.
Read → GlossaryWhen a tag pins at exactly zero from a broken wire or dead transmitter, and why zero looks deceptively plausible.
Read → GlossaryThe practical minimum of subnet masks and /24 CIDR an automation tech needs to lay out a control network where every device reaches the SCADA host.
Read → GlossaryA periodic full count reconciling tags across PLC, historian, HMI, and licensing to reveal the true active inventory.
Read → GlossaryThe governed table that maps the same physical point across systems and naming schemes, keeping lineage intact.
Read → GlossaryThe crosswalk translating every legacy point to the new system, reconciling names, types, scaling, and alarms.
Read → GlossaryKeeping one authoritative, governed definition of every tag so historian, HMI, and reports never drift apart.
Read → GlossaryDesigning a consistent scheme of segments and delimiters so a historian stays searchable across sites.
Read → GlossaryA reusable definition of an asset class's tags, scaling, and alarms so new sites are instanced, not hand-built.
Read → GlossaryAn operator's ad-hoc live list of tags from across sites for troubleshooting, separate from the permanent dashboards.
Read → GlossaryPricing that scales with I/O point count, sold in tiers, and how it shapes architecture and consolidation.
Read → GlossaryHow M2M pooled data plans, caps, and overage meet telemetry traffic, and how to budget monthly bytes.
Read → GlossaryThe purpose-built radio modem that carries Modbus and DNP3 between RTUs and the SCADA host.
Read → GlossaryThe relay site on high ground that re-transmits field data to extend radio coverage over terrain.
Read → GlossaryA central session host running full SCADA clients as published apps or desktops, and its density and failure trade-offs.
Read → GlossaryHow acceptance testing is documented with expected results, pass/fail columns, traceability, and sign-off.
Read → GlossaryA stateless terminal that renders a server-side HMI session, plus thin vs thick vs zero client for control rooms.
Read → GlossaryDevice-timestamped versus server-timestamped data, why it matters for buffering and events, and clock-sync pitfalls.
Read → GlossaryPrioritizing alarm and control traffic over bulk historian sync so critical packets are not queued behind backups.
Read → GlossaryPlotting a variable over time to reveal drift, patterns, and correlations - the everyday tool for diagnosing process behavior.
Read → GlossaryHow road-tunnel SCADA holds air quality with CO/NO2 and opacity sensors driving jet fans, and switches to smoke control.
Read → GlossaryConnectionless UDP versus connection-oriented TCP for SCADA, and their effect on bytes, battery, and loss.
Read → GlossaryLoading SCADA readings idempotently with MERGE keyed on tag plus timestamp so replays and late data correct rows.
Read → GlossaryOversubscribing CPU and RAM saves money but can starve a real-time SCADA VM - why control VMs need reservations.
Read → GlossaryAn automated phone call that reads an alarm aloud and takes a keypad acknowledgment when texts get missed.
Read → GlossaryThe two cheaper standby tiers below hot - warm (loaded, not synced) vs cold (off) - with real failover times.
Read → GlossaryThe monitoring layer tying plant, lift stations, tanks, and wells into one cloud-monitored system.
Read → GlossaryAn outbound HTTP callback that pushes an event like an alarm to another service instead of being polled.
Read → GlossaryPushing a SCADA alarm event to an external HTTP endpoint the instant it fires, with a structured payload for ticketing and on-call.
Read → GlossaryHow SCADA requests data on a timer - choosing scan rates, poll-rate tuning, and polling vs report by exception.
Read → GlossaryHow RTUs and gateways buffer timestamped data through comms outages and backfill SCADA when the link returns, so no history is lost.
Read → GlossaryHow DNP3 RTUs push events to SCADA without being polled - unsolicited vs solicited responses and why it speeds up remote alarms.
Read → GlossaryWhy a 32-bit float across two registers can decode as garbage or NaN, and how to fix the order.
Read → GlossaryA chart of one variable against another, used for pump curves, compressor maps, and spotting drift.
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